Please note that the lecture material limked below is copyrighted. You can download the lecture viewgraphs available below for use with the  EE202A course at UCLA, or for your personal reading. Moreover, instructors at non-profit universities may use material from these slides in their university course notes as long as such they clearly attribute the source. Please note that this does not extend to instructors of conference tutorials, short courses etc. For any use other than those permitted in the preceding, please contact me. You must not redistribute these notes in any shape or form, or use them for any for-profit activity.

Class 1
09/29/2003
(L1) Embedded Computing Systems: An Overview
 

Outline:

  • Course overview, logistics, goals
  • Introduction to embedded & real-time systems
  • HW #1 and HW #2 handed out (see lecture slides)
Lecture Notes:
Student Presentations: None
Mandatory Reading: [Tennenouse00]
Recommended Reading: None
Other Reading: None
Class 2
10/01/2003
(Invited) Introduction to Embedded Hardware & Software Plaforms
 

Outline:

  • No regular lecture due to conference travel
  • Invited mini-tutorials on embedded hardware and software platforms for wireless sensor networks
    • Mica Motes and Medusa MK-II wireless sensor nodes by Ram Kumar Rengaswamy
    • TinyOS and PALOS operating systems for low-end sensor nodes by Simon Han
    • Intel's StarGate XScale/Linux platform by Vijay Raghnathan
    • Emstar and SensorWare middleware for Linux-class sensor nodes by Roy Shea
Lecture Notes: (Ram), (Simon), (Vijay), (Roy)
Student Presentations: None
Mandatory Reading: None
Recommended Reading: None
Other Reading: None
Class 3
10/06/2003
(L2) Modeling Embedded Systems
 

Outline:

  • Abstractions and models
  • Timing constraints
  • Popular computational models
  • FSMs
  • Harel's Statecharts
  • Communicating FSMs
  • Discrete event, synchronous
  • Control-dataflow graphs, SDF
  • Dataflow process networks
Lecture Notes:
Student Presentations: None
Mandatory Reading: [Berry98], [Edwards03], [Harel90], [Lee02]
Recommended Reading: [Eker03]
Other Reading: None
Class 4
10/08/2003
(L2) Modeling Embedded Systems [contd.]
(L3) Embedded System S/W Organization & Static Scheduling
 

Outline:

  • Finish L2
  • Real-time implementation in software on single processor
    • single program approach
    • foreground/background systems
    • multitasking approach
  • Concepts
    • preemption
    • cyclic executive
    • priority-based scheduling
    • imprecise computation
    • RTOS organization
  • Examples
    • PALOS, TinyOS, µC/OS-II, eCos, Real-time Linux
  • Static scheduling of Synchronous Dataflow Graphs
    • uni-processor: conditions and construction of PASS schedule
    • multiple processors: PAPS
Lecture Notes:
Student Presentations: None
Mandatory Reading: [Gay03], [Hill00], [Lee87], [Melkonian00]
Recommended Reading: None
Other Reading: [Bhattacharyya99]
Class 5
10/13/2003
(L3) Embedded System S/W Organization & Static Scheduling [contd.]
 

Outline:

  • L3 continued
Lecture Notes: None
Student Presentations: None
Mandatory Reading: None
Recommended Reading: None
Other Reading: None
Class 6
10/15/2003
(L4) RTOS Scheduling - I: Rate Monotonic Theory [Substitute Lecturer: Vijay Raghunathan]
 

Outline:

  • Preemptive priority-based scheduling
  • Optimum static priority assignment: Rate Monotonic
  • Response time analysis
  • RM Schedulability
  • Deadline Monotonic
  • Transient overload
  • Period transformation
  • Sporadic tasks
  • Task synchronization, priority inversion, priority inheritance
  • Priority ceiling protocols
  • Arbitrary deadline
Lecture Notes:
Student Presentations: None
Mandatory Reading: [Balarin98], [Sha94]
Recommended Reading: [Sha90]
Other Reading: [Liu73], [Lehoczky89]
Class 7
10/20/2003
(L3) Embedded System S/W Organization & Static Scheduling [contd.]
(L4) RTOS Scheduling - I: Rate Monotonic Theory [contd.]
 

Outline:

  • Finish L3
  • Continue L4
Lecture Notes: None
Student Presentations: None
Mandatory Reading: None
Recommended Reading: None
Other Reading: None
Class 8
10/22/2003
(L4) RTOS Scheduling - I: Rate Monotonic Theory [contd.]
 

Outline:

  • Finish L4
  • Preemptive EDF Scheduling
  • Allowing for precedence constraints
  • Primary and alternate tasks
  • Imprecise computation
  • IRIS tasks, QoS-based resource allocation
  • RM with multiple processors
  • Non-preemptive scheduling, concrete tasks
  • Lottery-based scheduling
Lecture Notes:
Student Presentations: None
Mandatory Reading: [Jeffay91], [Waldspurger94]
Recommended Reading: None
Other Reading: None
Class 9
10/27/2003
(L5) RTOS Scheduling - II [contd.]
(L6) Real-time Communications
 

Outline:

  • L5 continued
  • Preemptive EDF Scheduling
  • Allowing for precedence constraints
  • Primary and alternate tasks
  • Imprecise computation
  • IRIS tasks, QoS-based resource allocation
  • RM with multiple processors
  • Non-preemptive scheduling, concrete tasks
  • Lottery-based scheduling
Lecture Notes:
Student Presentations: None
Mandatory Reading: [Lahiri01]
Recommended Reading: None
Other Reading: None
Class 10
10/29/2003
(L6) Real-time Communications [contd.]
(L7) Power-aware Design - Part I: Energy Consumers and Sources
 

Outline:

  • L6 continued
  • Technology trends relevant to power
  • Where does power go?
  • Characteristics of batteries and other energy sources, DC-DC connverters
  • Battery models
Lecture Notes:
Student Presentations: None
Mandatory Reading: [Martin99], [Rakhmatov03]
Recommended Reading: [Raghunathan02]
Other Reading: None
Class 11
11/3/2003
(L7) Power-aware Design - Part I: Energy Consumers and Sources [contd.]
 

Outline:

  • L7 continued
Lecture Notes: None
Student Presentations: None
Mandatory Reading: None
Recommended Reading: None
Other Reading: None
Class 12
11/05/2003
(L8) Power-aware Design - Part II: Reducation and Management
 

Outline:

  • Power consumption in radios
  • Power consumption in digital CMOS hardware
  • Architecture-driven voltage scaling
  • Low-power software
  • Dynamic power management (DPM) via shutdown
  • DPM of CPUs via dynamic voltage scaling
  • DPM of radios via dynamic modulation scaling
  • OS standards for power management
  • Real world examples
Lecture Notes:
Student Presentations: None
Mandatory Reading: [RaghunathanYYa], [RaghunathanYYb]
Recommended Reading: [SchurgersYY], [Yao95], [Gruian01]
Other Reading: None
Class 13
11/10/2003
(L8) Power-aware Design - Part II: Reducation and Management [contd.]
 

Outline:

  • L8 continued
Lecture Notes: None
Student Presentations: None
Mandatory Reading: None
Recommended Reading: None
Other Reading: None
Class 14
11/12/2003
(L8) Power-aware Design - Part II: Reducation and Management [contd.]
 

Outline:

  • L8 continued
Lecture Notes: None
Student Presentations: None
Mandatory Reading: None
Recommended Reading: None
Other Reading: None
Class 15
11/17/2003
(L9) High-level Synthesis of Embedded Hardware
 

Outline:

  • Overview of highlevel synthesis
  • Precedence and sequence graphs
  • Timing constraints
  • ASAL and ALAP scheduling
  • List scheduling
  • Formulation of scheduling as ILP problem under latency or resource constraint
  • Force-directed scheduling
  • Simulated annealing
  • Iterative scheduling
  • Iteration bound
  • Transformations: retiming, slowdown, unfolding, arithmetic transformations
Lecture Notes:
Student Presentations: None
Mandatory Reading: handout on ILP formulation of scheduling
Recommended Reading: None
Other Reading: None
Class 16
11/19/2003
(L9) High-level Synthesis of Embedded Hardware [contd.]
 

Outline:

  • L9 continued
Lecture Notes: None
Student Presentations: None
Mandatory Reading: None
Recommended Reading: None
Other Reading: None
Class 17
11/24/2003
(L9) High-level Synthesis of Embedded Hardware [contd.]
 

Outline:

  • L9 continued
Lecture Notes: None
Student Presentations: None
Mandatory Reading: None
Recommended Reading: None
Other Reading: None
Class 18
11/26/2003
Student Presentations
 

Outline:

  • Thermal Management: Technologies & Design Techniques by Philip Lee, Yan Lin, Jinjun Xiong
  • Energy Harvesting: Technologies and System Management Issues by Jun Chen, Shane Erickson
  • RFID: Technology, Business, and Privacy Issues by Yusuke Matsuoka, Parixit Aghera, Dustin McIntire
Lecture Notes: None
Student Presentations: See the Presentations page
Mandatory Reading: See the Presentations page
Recommended Reading: See the Presentations page
Other Reading: See the Presentations page
Class 19
12/01/2003
Student Presentations
 

Outline:

  • Biosensors by Sabiha Hasan, Haru Yamamoto, Dan Lander
  • Inertial Sensors and Dead Reckoning by Jonathan Friedman, Yu Ching Chang, Cheryl Buenaventura, David Lee
  • Languages for Networked Embedded Systems by Thomas Yeh, S.Pouya Dormiani Tabatabaei, Matthew Zobel, Daniel Salce
Lecture Notes: None
Student Presentations: See the Presentations page
Mandatory Reading: See the Presentations page
Recommended Reading: See the Presentations page
Other Reading: See the Presentations page
Class 20
12/03/2003
Student Presentations
 

Outline:

  • Time-Triggered and Related Approaches by Mehmood Tily, Huiyu Luo, Luke Simonson
  • Differential Power Analysis and Other Side Channel Attacks on Embedded Systems by David Omoto, Jason Gordon, Ryan Speelman, Steven Butt
  • Distributed Control Systems by Andrew Parker, Moshe Golan, Duo Liu, Changbo Long
Lecture Notes: None
Student Presentations: See the Presentations page
Mandatory Reading: See the Presentations page
Recommended Reading: See the Presentations page
Other Reading: See the Presentations page
 

 
 
Contact: Mani Srivastava (mbs@ee.ucla.edu)